使用Goaccess监控Nginx的运行状态

最终启动命令

如果你只需要知道最终的启动命令,可以跳过下边所有内容。启动命令:

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goaccess -f /var/log/nginx/access.log -o /data/www/access/index.html --real-time-html --ws-url=access1.xiaotanzhu.com

环境准备

系统版本:

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root@www:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty

Nginx日志配置

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log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for $request_time $upstream_response_time';

Nginx日志样例

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180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/heartbeat/alive HTTP/1.1" 200 73 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.002 0.002
202.112.25.39 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/attendance/signin/time/detail/v2 HTTP/1.1" 200 110 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.197 0.197
180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/message/unread/v5 HTTP/1.1" 200 2322 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.085 0.085
180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/common/app/advertisement/v2 HTTP/1.1" 200 59 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.076 0.076
180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/common/version/v1 HTTP/1.1" 200 532 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.097 0.097
180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/honour/queryFavoriteImageList/v1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1172 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.108 0.108
180.98.186.40 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:43 +0800] "POST /api/log/info HTTP/1.1" 200 47 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.119 0.119
202.112.25.39 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:44 +0800] "POST /api/attendance/signin/time/detail/v2 HTTP/1.1" 200 110 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.235 0.235
202.112.25.39 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:44 +0800] "POST /api/attendance/signin/condition/v4 HTTP/1.1" 200 305 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.134 0.134
202.112.25.39 - - [12/Aug/2016:14:39:44 +0800] "POST /api/attendance/signin/time/detail/v2 HTTP/1.1" 200 110 "-" "okhttp/3.3.1" - 0.165 0.165

安装

安装方法官方网站给的很清楚,传送门:https://goaccess.io/download

这里节选出Ubuntu上的安装方法

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echo "deb http://deb.goaccess.io/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/goaccess.list
wget -O - https://deb.goaccess.io/gnugpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install goaccess

最简单的使用方法:

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goaccess -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

分析完成之后可以看到一个终端显示(libncurses)的页面,也可以对这个页面进行交互,具体的交互方式可以参考man goaccess

配置

如果使用Nginx默认的日志格式,那么Goaccess不需要任何设置即可使用。但是我们的日志为自定义格式,在默认日志的最后增加了响应时间$request_time和upstream的响应时间$upstream_response_time,如下:

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log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for $request_time $upstream_response_time';

于是需要修改Goaccess监控的日志的格式,原格式

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- log-format %h %^[%d:%t %^] "%r" %s %b "%R" "%u"
+ log-format %h %^[%d:%t %^] "%r" %s %b "%R" "%u" %^ %^ %T

最后三个元素%^ %^ %T%^表示忽略,%T表示“以秒为单位的响应时间,精确到毫秒”。

完整的日志格式可以参考man goaccess,这里节选其中的日志格式部分:

   log-format
          The log-format variable followed by a space or \t , specifies the log format string.

   %x     A date and time field matching the time-format and date-format variables. This is used when a timestamp is given instead of the date and time being in two separated vari‐
          ables.
   %t     time field matching the time-format variable.
   %d     date field matching the date-format variable.
   %v     The canonical Server Name of the server serving the request (Virtual Host).
   %h     host (the client IP address, either IPv4 or IPv6)
   %r     The request line from the client. This requires specific delimiters around the request (as single quotes, double quotes, or anything else) to be parsable. If not, we have
          to use a combination of special format specifiers as %m %U %H.
   %q     The query string.
   %m     The request method.
   %U     The URL path requested.
          Note:  If the query string is in %U, there is no need to use %q.  However, if the URL path, does not include any query string, you may use %q and the query string will be
          appended to the request.
   %H     The request protocol.
   %s     The status code that the server sends back to the client.
   %b     The size of the object returned to the client.
   %R     The "Referrer" HTTP request header.
   %u     The user-agent HTTP request header.
   %D     The time taken to serve the request, in microseconds as a decimal number.
   %T     The time taken to serve the request, in seconds with milliseconds resolution.
   %L     The time taken to serve the request, in milliseconds as a decimal number.

          Note: If multiple time served specifiers are used at the same time, the first option specified in the format string will take priority over the other specifiers.

   %^     Ignore this field.
   %~     Move forward through the log string until a non-space (!isspace) char is found.

   GoAccess requires the following fields:
          %h a valid IPv4/6
          %d a valid date
          %r the request

监控

实际监控还是用HTML来的方便,而且Goaccess号称实时监控,那这个特性肯定也要用一下了。

实时监控启动命令:

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goaccess -f /var/log/nginx/access.log -o /data/www/access/index.html --real-time-html --ws-url=access1.xiaotanzhu.com

下边每个参数分别介绍一下。

  1. -f /var/log/nginx/access.log 指定要分析的Nginx日志文件,没什么好说的
  2. -o /data/www/access/index.html 指定输出的HTML文件
  3. --real-time-html 启动实时HTML。这里需要注意的是,所谓实时并不是goaccess不停的更新HTML文件。事实上,HTML文件生成之后,就不再变化,而页面上是通过WebSocket对页面上的数据进行更新
  4. --ws-url=access1.irenshi.cn 指定WebSocket的地址。由于我使用access1.xiaotanzhu.com访问生成的HTML,所以--ws-url必须指定为access1.xiaotanzhu.com,这样生成的HTML才知道应该去ws://access1.xiaotanzhu.com:7890访问这个WebSocket。
  5. --port=7890 我们这里并没有使用这个参数。这个参数用来控制goaccess生成的WebSocket的端口。默认值:7890。

效果

监控界面

我们可以看到其中的数据在实时变化。

资源占用

使用top命令查看内存占用情况如下:

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  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
26727 root 20 0 219624 51136 1612 S 1.3 0.6 0:52.13 goaccess

现在来看处理百兆的日志时,资源还是比较省的。



转载请注明出处:使用Goaccess监控Nginx的运行状态
原文地址:https://www.xiaotanzhu.com/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/2016-08-12-monitor-nginx-with-goaccess.html